Antibacterial and Wound Healing Activity of 2% Formulation of 2-Medpy-3-CN on Infected Burn Wounded Animal Model

@#Introduction: Humans have learned to recognize and process plants into medicinal forms through centuries. Burns can spread to other tissues, especially when infected with bacteria such as Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The study aimed to assess the in vivo antibacterial and wound healing activity of 2% formulation of 2-Medpy-3-CN on infected burn wounded animal model. Methods: In vitro antibacterial activity of the Alsti was done by broth dilution and disc diffusion methods. Alsti 2% ointment was prepared for the infected burn wound treatment. A total of 18 rats are grouped into A, B, C, and D, the first three groups (A-C) were injured thermally, and Group D was used as healthy controls. The three test Groups were exposed to MRSA ATCC 43300 at 105 CFU/mL. Group A was treated with 2% Alsti, Group B with Silver sulfadiazine 1% (SSD), and Group C was untreated. Wounds healing was assessed by the healed area and microscopic identification of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained skin tissue. Results: Wound healing progresses with application of Alsti 2% ointment as observed through wound diameter and histopathological changes of the skin. Wound diameter decreases with treatments, while the contrary was observed in the non-treated group. Microscopic observation of the stained skin showed that epidermal development, and collagen formation progress with treatment days. Untreated wounds showed marked inflammation, progressive ulceration, and necrosis. Conclusion: Alsti 2% formulation showed antibacterial and wound healing activities, hence, can be used as alternative in burn wound infections.

Pain assessment and clinical profile of burn patients

Background:Burn injuries are a major global public health concern with up to 52% of burn patients suffering from chronic pain. Theaim of the study was to assesclinical profile and management of pain in burn patients.Methods:Thestudy was aprospectivehospital-basedstudy on a total of 300 patients admittedinburnunitofthedepartmentofsurgery over a period of two years. BSA burns was determined by Wallace's rule of nine in adults and in children by Lund and Browder chart. Pain was assessed using Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS program.Results:In the present study, most of the burns i.e., 46.7% were seen in <20 years age group, and more in male (58.7%) subjects. Accidental burns and superficial burns were the most common. There were 113 (53.3%) patients with pain score of 2 followed by 160 (53.3%) with pain score 3, 22 (7.3%) pain score 4 and 5(1.7%) with pain score of 1. For pain management, 171(57%) patients were given NSAIDS, 78 (26%) needed opioid and NSAIDs and 51 (17%) needed opioid only. Complications in our studied patients on follow up revealed 29 (9.7%) had PTSD, 22 (7.3%) had post burn contracture,16 (5.3%) had post burn pain, 15 (5.0%) were having anxiety.Conclusions:Pain in burn victims is present throughout the rehabilitation and so should be dealt with multimodal specialties.

Effects of laser photobiomodulation on tgf-ß and vegf expression in burn wound: systematic review and meta-analysis in the animal model / Influencia de la fotobiomodulación por láser en la expresión de tgf-ß y vegf en heridas por quemadura: revisión sistemática y meta-análisis en modelo animal

SUMMARY: Laser photobiomodulation (laser PBM) is known to be able to accelerate burn wound healing in the animal model; however little evidence exists on the action of laser PBM on the expression of important proteins in wound healing in the animal model, such as VEGF and TGF-ß1. The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review in order to analyse the effect of laser PBM on VEGF and TGF-ß expression during burn wound repair in the animal model. A systematic review was carried out of the EMBASE, PubMed/ MEDLINE and LILACS databases. The studies included were preclinical studies that analysed the action of laser PBM on the expression of VEGF and TGF-ß (1, 2, 3) during burn wound repair in the animal model. The SYRCLE risk of bias tool was used. Random effect models were used to estimate the combined effect. Increased VEGF expression was observed with the use of laser PBM at 4.93 J/cm2 per point in the first two weeks after induction of the burn wound, with greater size of effect in the second week (SDM = 5.72; 95% CI: 3.14 to 8.31, I2 = 0 %; very low certainty of evidence). We also observed that the effect of laser PBM on TGF-ß1 expression was greater than in the control in the first week (SDM = -0.45; 95% CI: -1.91 to 1.02, I2 = 51 %; very low certainty of evidence), but diminished in the third week after induction of the lesion (SDM = -2.50; 95% CI: 3.98 to -1.01, I2 = 0 %; very low certainty of evidence). Laser PBM has an effect on TGF-ß1 and VEGF expression, promoting burn wound repair in the animal model.

RESUMEN: Es sabido que la fotobiomodulación por láser (FBM láser) puede acelerar el proceso de curación de heridas por quemadura en modelo animal, sin embargo aún se carece de mayor evidencia sobre la acción de la FBM láser en la expresión de proteínas importantes en el proceso de curación de heridas en modelo animal, como VEGF y TGF-ß1. Así, el objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática a fin de analizar el efecto de la FBM láser sobre la expresión de VEGF, TGF-ß durante el proceso de reparación de heridas por quemadura en modelo animal. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos EMBASE, PubMed/MEDLINE y LILACS. Se incluyeron estudios preclínicos que analizaron la acción de la FBM láser en la expresión de VEGF, TGF-ß (1, 2, 3) durante el proceso de reparación de heridas por quemadura en modelo animal. Se utilizó la herramienta de riesgo de sesgo SYRCLE. Se utilizaron modelos de efectos aleatorios para estimar el efecto combinado. Observamos aumento de la expresión de VEGF con el uso de FBM láser 4.93 J/cm2 por punto, en las dos primeras semanas tras inducción de la herida por quemadura, con mayor tamaño de efecto en la segunda semana (SDM = 5,72; IC del 95%: 3,14 a 8,31, I2 = 0 %; certeza de la evidencia muy baja). También se observó el efecto de la FBM láser en la expresión del TGF- ß1 que fue mayor que el control en la primera semana (SDM = - 0,45; IC del 95%: -1,91 a 1,02, I2 = 51 %; certeza de la evidencia muy baja), disminuyendo en la tercera semana tras inducción de la lesión (SDM = -2,50; IC del 95%: -3,98 a -1,01; I2 = 0 %; certeza de la evidencia baja). La TFB por láser ejerce influencia en la expresión de TGF-ß1 y VEGF favoreciendo el proceso de reparación de heridas por quemadura en modelo animal.

Carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel formulations enhance the healing process in experimental partial-thickness (second-degree) burn wound healing

ABSTRACT Purpose This study aimed to elaborate a hydrogel constituted by carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), hyaluronic acid (HA) and silver (Ag) and to evaluate its healing effect on partial-thickness burn wounds experimentally induced in rats. Methods CMC was obtained by chitosan reacting with monochloroacetic acid. The carboxymethylation was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Scanning electron microscopy was used to determine the morphologicalcharacteristics of chitosan and CMC. After the experimental burn wound induction, the animals (n = 126) were treated with different CMC formulations, had their occlusive dressings changed daily and were followed through 7, 14 and 30 days. Morphometric, macroscopic and microscopic aspects and collagen quantification were evaluated. Results Significative wound contraction, granulation tissue formation, inflammatory infiltration and collagen fibers deposit throughout different phases of the healing process were observed in the CMC hydrogels treated groups. Conclusions The results showed that, in the initial phase of the healing process, the most adequate product was the CMC/HA/Ag association, while in the other phases the CMC/HA association was the best one to promote the healing of burn wounds.

Intervention Effect and Mechanism of Fufang Huangbaiye Tuji on Skin with Deep Ⅱ Degree Burn Wound / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the intervention effect and underlying mechanism of Fufang Huangbaiye Tuji （FFHBY） on skin with deep Ⅱ degree burn wound. Method:Patients with deep Ⅱ degree burn of fire-toxin injuring fluid syndrome diagnosed in the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University from June 2019 to June 2020 were randomly divided into a control group （iodophor solution， 35 mL per 1% body surface area）， a low-dose treatment group （FFHBY， 17.5 mL per 1% body surface area）， and a high-dose treatment group （FFHBY， 35 mL per 1% body surface area）， 40 cases in each group. The patients in each group were treated correspondingly with dressing chance once per day. The pathological changes of the wound were observed on the 14th day after treatment. Wound symptoms and signs in each group before treatment and on the 7th， 14th， and 21st days after treatment were quantified， and the clinical efficacy on the 21st day after treatment was evaluated. Wound healing rates in each group were calculated on the 7th， 14th， and 21st days after treatment. The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， fibroblast growth factor （FGF）-2， FGF-7， epidermal growth factor （EGF）， interleukin （IL）-10， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-<italic>α</italic>， and Caspase-3 in wound tissues were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-<italic>κ</italic>B） p65 expression in wound surface was detected by immunohistochemistry. The apoptosis rate in wound tissues was determined by the TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeding assay （TUNEL） method. Result:There was no significant difference in scores of symptoms and signs among groups before treatment. Compared with the control group， the treatment groups showed no significant difference in wound healing rates on the 7th day after treatment and increased healing rates on the 14th and 21st day after treatment（<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The clinical efficacy in the treatment groups was superior to that in the control group on the 21st day after treatment. Additionally， the treatment groups also showed decreased scores of local symptoms and signs， increased levels of VEGF， FGF-2， FGF-7， EGF， and IL-10， and dwindled apoptosis rate and levels of Caspase-3， TNF-α， and NF-<italic>κ</italic>B p65 expression in wound tissues on the 7th，14th and 21st day after treatment （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The high-dose treatment group was superior to the low-dose treatment group in the above indicators （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Histopathological examination showed that inflammatory cell infiltration was relieved in the treatment groups as compared with that in the control group， and the high-dose treatment group exhibited superior efficacy. Conclusion:FFHBY had an obvious therapeutic effect on deep Ⅱ degree burn. It could promote wound healing by up-regulating the level of growth factors， improving inflammatory response， and inhibiting cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner.

Efficacy of Fufang Huangbaiye Tuji on Inflammation on Skin with Deep Ⅱ Degree Burn and Its Dose-effect Relationship / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of different doses of Fufang Huangbaiye Tuji asin the treatment onof the inflammatory response in healing process for of skin with deep Ⅱ degree burn. Methods in healing process. Methods:The 120 cses patients with deep Ⅱ degree burn of fire-toxin injuring fluid syndrome diagnosed in the affiliated hospital of Chengde Medical University between June 2019 and March 2020 were randomly divided into control group，low -dose treatment group and high -dose treatment group，with 40 cases in each group and once. They got a dressing change perevery day. Control group was locally administered with lodophor solution 35 mL per 1% on the body surface area. Low-dose treatment group was locally administered with compound cortex phellodendri fluid 17.5 mL per 1% on the body surface area，while high-dose treatment group was locally administered with compound cortex phellodendri fluid 35 mL per 1% on the body surface area. Observe theThe inflammatory reaction of wound surface in each group onwas observed at admission and after treatment. The pathological changes of each groupsgroup were observed， and determination of nuclear factor kappa-B（NF-<italic>κ</italic>B） p65 expression inon the wound surface was determined by immunohistochemistry on the 4th day after the treatment. The levels of interleukin（IL）-2，IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor（TNF）-α in wound tissue were measured with ELISA and Bacterial culture and count were performed in each group on the 4^th，10^th and 21^st daydays after treatment. The levels of IL-2，IL-8 and TNF-α in wound tissue were measured with ELISA. Results:There was no significant difference in the degree of wound inflammation in each group at admission，and the degree of relief after treatment was positively correlated with the treatment time. At the simultaneous phase point，the inflammatory reaction was severest in control group，which was followed by low-dose treatment group and high-dose treatment group. Bacterial growth were observed on the 4^th day in control group，which was found in low-dose and high-dose treatment groups on the 10^th day，the detection rates of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the highest. Compared with control group，the mean integrated optical density of NF-<italic>κ</italic>B p65 in wound tissue decreased markedly in low-dose and high-dose treatment groups on the 4th day after treatment（<italic>P</italic><0.05），the bacterial count decreased significantly in low-dose and high-dose treatment groups on the 10^th and 21^st days after treatment（<italic>P</italic><0.05），and the levels of IL-2，IL-8 and TNF-<italic>α</italic> in wound tissue decreased markedly in low-dose and high-dose treatment groups on the 4^th，10^th and 21^st days after treatment（<italic>P</italic><0.05），with statistically significant differences between low-dose and high-dose treatment groups（<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Histopathological examination showed that inflammatory granulocytes and edema were improved in low-dose and high-dose treatment groups compared with control group，with a more significant performance in high-dose treatment group. Conclusion:The external application of compound cortex phellodendri fluid can reduce thebacterial growth of bacteria in on the wound surface，which may reduce the inflammatory reaction by inhibiting the production and release of inflammatory mediators，with a certain dose-effcteffect relationship，and is worth clinical promotion.

Isolation of pathogenic microorganisms from burn patient and in vitro determination of antibacterial activity of honey against antibiotic resistance isolates

Background:Honey is a natural therapeutic agent which manifest antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria. Therefore, the current study was designed to isolate pathogenic bacteria from burn wound and also to determine the anti-bacterial traits of natural and processed honey against infectious agents.Methods:Wound samples were collected from burn unit of Dhaka Medical College Hospital and conventional cultural methods were applied to identify pathogenic microorganisms. A total of six samples including three each of natural and processed honey were tested for the determination of antimicrobial activity by agar well diffusion method.Results:Among ten wound samples highest load of total viable bacteria was recorded up to 3.7×106cfu/ml. The maximum load of Pseudomonas spp.and Staphylococcus spp.were found up to 1.6×104cfu/ml and 8.7×104cfu/ml respectively. Significant in vitroantimicrobial activity was found in all the samples. Natural honey showed a little bit more efficacy than processed honey. The samples exhibited antibacterial traits against Staphylococcus aureuswith a wide zone of inhibition and moderate zone of inhibition against Pseudomonas spp.when they are subjected to 100% concentered honey. E. coliand Klebsiella spp.were remained to be unaffected at 75% and 50% concentrated honey, while S. aureusand Pseudomonas spp.werefound to be sensitive at those concentrations.Conclusions:The in vitroefficacy of different types of honey tested against the bacteria dependent on the type of honey and the concentration at which it was administered. In our study 100% concentred honeywas more efficient in inhibiting all the tested isolates

Effect of soft silicone silver ion dressing applied in burn wounds / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Soft silicone silver ion dressing, a kind of high molecular weight organic compound prepared with Safetac technology, has the characteristics of anti-infection, good permeability and good air permeability. It can provide a good moist environment for wound healing. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of soft silicone silver ion dressings in repairing deep II degree and milder burn wounds. METHODS: A computer-based retrieval of CNKI, VIP, WanFang, CBM, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases was performed. The randomized controlled trials concerning soft silicone silver ion dressing for repairing deep II degree and milder burn wounds were selected. The treatment group was treated with a single soft silicone silver ion dressing, or a soft silicone silver ion dressing combined with conventional treatment, or combined with other treatments. The control group was treated with conventional treatment, or other treatments, or placebo. After screening, data extraction and quality evaluation, meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Eleven articles were included, involving 784 patients, 381 patients in the treatment group and 403 patients in the control group. (2) The results of meta-analysis showed that the burn wound healing rate in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group [OR=11.56, 95%CI (9.60, 13.53), P < 0.000 01; OR=13.29, 95%CI (7.54, 19.04), P < 0.000 01; OR=4.10, 95%CI (2.28, 5.93), P < 0.000 1; OR=1.17, 95%CI (0.42, 1.93), P=0.002] at 7, 14 and 21 days, and the last measurement. The healing time of burn wounds in the treatment group was shorter than that in the control group [OR=-2.81, 95%CI (-3.49, -2.12), P < 0.000 01]. The degree of pain in burn wounds in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group [OR=-0.38, 95%CI (-0.53, -0.24), P < 0.000 01]. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of bacterial culture on wound surface [OR=1.16, 95%CI (0.47, 2.85), P=0.74], burn wound infection [OR=1.44, 95%CI (0.47, 4.41), P=0.52], dressing frequency [OR=-8.04, 95%CI (-18.82, 2.74), P=0.14], wound treatment cost [OR=-98.26, 95%CI (-272.91, 76.40), P=0.27] and adverse reaction [OR=0.61, 95%CI (0.31, 1.20), P=0.15] between treatment and control groups. (3) These results show that the application of soft silicone silver ion dressing on deep II degree and milder burn wounds can improve wound healing rate, shorten wound healing time and alleviate pain.

Treatment of deep second-degree burn wounds with the combination of biological dressing and epidermal cell implantation after controlled debridement / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: There are various methods for the treatment and repair of deep second-degree burn wounds, which have diverse effects and have no uniform standards. Therefore, new technologies need to be developed. OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect of controlled debridement and traditional treatment on deep second-degree burn wounds. METHODS: A total of 80 patients with deep second-degree burns from June 2015 to June 2018 were enrolled and divided into a positive control group and a controlled debridement group, with 40 patients in each group. The positive control group was coated with Bangerkang burn bacteriostatic cream, and the oil gauze was pressure-wrapped. The dressing was changed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 days after the injury. In the controlled debridement group, epidermal cell suspension was prepared according to the requirements of wound preparation and was sprayed onto the wound surface. The wound was then covered with Recell Kit self-contained protective film. The film was removed to keep the wound dry on the 3rd day after operation, and then the wound was observed at 6, 9, and 12 days after operation. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Xijing Hospital of the Air Force Military Medical University. All patients volunteered to participate in the study and sign an informed consent. Patient information was registered online and appropriate treatment was performed according to a random (software online) assignment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 3, 6, 9, and 12 days after operation, the bacterial content, wound pain score, wound infection score and pro-inflammatory factor level in the controlled debridement group were significantly lower than those in the positive control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, there was no complication in both groups. These findings reveal that epidermal cell implantation combined with controlled debridement for deep second-degree burn wounds can achieve remarkable outcomes, which can significantly accelerate wound healing, reduce infection and alleviate the suffering of patients.

Phenotypic Demonstration of ß-lactamase (ESßLs, MßLs, and Amp-C) among MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates obtained From Burn wound infected in Yemen

In 2017, the World Health Organization published its first-ever list of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria “prioritypathogens,” a catalog of 12 families of bacteria posing the greatest threat to human health. This list focuses onthe risk of Gram-negative bacteria for multiple drug-resistant. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was at the top of the listand critical. A current study aiming to demonstrate the prevalence of β-lactamase among multidrug-resistant P.aeruginosa strains isolated from burn wound patients phenotypically. The isolates were identified then antibioticsusceptibility tested against 10 antipseudomonal agents, finally, phenotypically β-lactamase (ESβLs, MβLs, andAmp-C) production screened by combined disk diffusion test and Imipenem-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.Results in the current study identified 98 P. aeruginosa isolates from 200 clinical specimens obtained from burnwound patients. Our result showed 65 (66.3%) of the 98 P. aeruginosa isolates were multiple drug-resistant(MDR) strains. Out of 65 isolates, 37 (56.9%), 21 (32.3%), and 40 (61.5%) were ESβLs, MβLs, and Amp-Cproducing P. aeruginosa, respectively, according to phenotypic detection method. We found co-expression ofvarious β-lactamases. In the present study, 16 isolates showed co-existence of AmpC + ESBL, 16 isolates werehaving ESBL + MBL + AmpC, and five isolates were having co-existence of ESBL + MBL. The occurrence ofESβLs, MβLs, and Amp-C producing P. aeruginosa was demonstrated, calling for phenotypical determinationof antibiotic resistance mechanisms should be performed regularly to guide antibiotic selection during therapy.Significant conclusions drawn from this work include a rise in the rate of β-lactamase (ESβLs, MβLs, andAmp-C) in MDR P. aeruginosa. Later research should, therefore, focus on the study of molecular characterization.

Morphological changes in the tissue structures afeter thermal burns on the background of using dermarm wound dressing

Over the last decade, the interest in using bacterial cellulose in medicine has increased. The article publishes the data about the efficiency of healing burn wounds in rabbits in experimental conditions with the use of the DermaRM wound dressing, compared to the traditionally used Panthenol ointment and the Branolind N salve dressing

Assessment of antioxidant activity of Ocimum sanctum in healing of thermal burn wound with and without supportive treatment of silver sulfadiazine in rabbits

Background: Burns remain a major public health issue all over the world, especially in developing countries. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of infection and death in patients with severe burns. So, there is a need to develop drugs which will decrease complications and prevent infections more effectively than the presently used drugs.Methods: Ocimum sanctum, ointment silver sulfadiazine and 24 Rabbits were used in this study. Animals were acclimatized and divided randomly into 04 groups of 06 animals each. After producing partial thickness burn wound ointment silver sulfadiazine was applied daily on the burn wound and Ocimum sanctum was administered orally once daily. Healing was assessed by wound contraction and Oxidative stress and Antioxidant Activity were measured by Malondialdehyde and Superoxide dismutase respectively. Results were analysed by student’s ‘t’ test, one way ANOVA followed by Dennett’s test. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: At the end of treatment (After 28th Day) Group treated with ointment silver sulfadiazine+Ocimum sanctum showed maximum Percentage of wound contraction (93.17±4.34), maximum decrease of MDA percentage (0.30±0.02 nmol/ml) and maximum increase of SOD percentage (0.0045±0.0002 IU/gm of Hb).Conclusions: Most effective treatment for burn wound healing in this study was ointment silver sulfadiazine+Ocimum sanctum.

Effect of Liquid Paraffin Gauze Dressing In Burn Wounds: A Prospective Study

Introduction: Burn injury causes a considerable amount of disability, prolonged hospital stay, and burden on the public healthsector. Main requirement in burn wound management is an economical, easy to apply, readily available dressing, or method ofcoverage that will provide good pain relief, protect the wound from infection, promote healing, prevent heat and fluid loss, beelastic, non-antigenic, and adhere well to the wound while waiting for spontaneous epithelialization of superficial partial thicknessburns. The sterilized paraffin gauze dressing is non-adherent and non-allergenic and helps in speedy recovery of burn wounds.Materials and Methods: A prospective study of 90 patients with partial thickness burns who were salvageable (≤40% bodysurface area), admitted to Burn unit of Shyam Shah Medical College and associated Sanjay Gandhi Memorial Hospital,Rewa from June 1, 2017, to May 31, 2018. The autoclaved liquid paraffin gauze was applied over burn wound. Patients wereassessed on the basis of subsidence of pain, time of epithelialization if occurred after liquid paraffin gauze dressing. Patients’blood investigations were noted and the assessment of the effect of hemoglobin (anemia) and platelet counts in burn woundhealing in terms of mean epithelialization time were done.Results: Mean epithelialization time was 16 days. In 25% of cases epithelialization developed in 10–12 days. Post-burn painsubsided in 4–6 days in maximum in 54.44% cases. Mild and moderate anemia had no significant effect on wound healingtime (mean epithelialization time). Patient with less than normal platelet counts (<1.5 lakh/cumm) had more epithelializationtime and with normal platelet count had less epithelialization time. 15 patients developed complications and most commoncomplication was hyper granulation (11.11%).Conclusion: Burn wounds pose a great burden on health-care infrastructure and burn units. We can conclude that liquid paraffingauze dressing has good patient acceptability and less painful, it is easily available and relatively less expensive. In developingand resource-poor countries, most of the patients are from the rural background so these patients will need a dressing that isrelatively less expensive and easily available such as liquid paraffin gauze dressing.

A Review Of Burn Injury And Its Management In Ayurvedic System Of Medicine: A Comparative Study For Local Wound Care

Burn injury has been associated with the evolution of human civilization since time immemorial. Burn injuries has always been faced by human in different era with change of mode injury from past to present. Unlike other diseases the basics of burn injury remains more or less same. The basic concepts and principles of management of burn injury is described in Ayurveda are very much relevant and useful in this era of modern surgery. Sushrut Samhita, the treasure of surgical knowledge of ancient Indian civilization, is a rich source of information regarding burn injury, assessment and management. Most of the other scholars of Ayurveda follow the basic concept of Sushrut Samhita. All the Brihatrayee (three greater treatises) and Laghu trayee (three lesser treatises) and other relevant textbooks of Ayurveda studied to search the different data regarding Dagdha vrana (burn injury), etiological description, gradation, different principles of treatment and available dressing material. The collected data evaluated scientifically to make it usable in the modern era of surgery. The result shows that although there is change in mode of burn injury found in modern era, the basic principles of etiology, classification, management and use of dressing material are almost the same as standard burn wound management of contemporary medical science. So the benefits of Ayurveda can be inducted in modern era of burn care.

Clinical Observation of Treatment for Deep Burn Wound on Finger by Proper Digital Artery Flap / 现代医院

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of treatment for deep burn wound on finger by proper digital artery flap.Methods From March 2013 to October 2016, 24 patients with deep burn wound on finger were treated by proper digital artery flap.Postoperative observation included wound repair, flap survival, complications and functional recovery of fingers.Results All the 24 flaps survived and no necrosis happened.The marginal abnormal circulation of flap occurred in only 5 cases, which cured by dress changing.All flaps kept well in contour, skin color, temperature and texture.Movement function of donor and recipient fingers was nearly normal.Conclusion Proper digital artery flap avoided the deficiencies distant pedicled flap, so it is a favorite choice for digital soft tissue defect caused by deep burn injury.

Infrared thermal therapy against pseudomonas aeruginosa on burn wound / 实用医学杂志

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of infrared thermal therapy against pseudomonas ae-ruginosa infection on deep partial-thickness burn wound. Methods Forty-three patients in our hospital with main-ly deep partial-thickness burn wound from January 2015 to October 2016 were randomly enrolled to the treatment group(TG,treated with sulfadiazine silver + infrared thermal therapy)and the control group(CG,treated with sulfadiazine silver only). Scores of wound exudation,positive rate of pseudomonas aeruginosa on wound,wound healing rate,wound healing time and overall evaluation of wound healing on the day of 0,3,7,14,21,28 after treatment were conventionally recorded. Adverse effects in TG and CG were also observed. Results (1)Age,sex and burn surface area of patients were found no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05). (2)On the day of 3,7 and 14,wound exudation score of TG was significantly lower than that of CG(P<0.05);On the day of0,21 and 28,wound exudation score of the two groups were almost same.(3)Positive rate of pseudomonas aeruginosa between the two groups on the day of 7,14 and 21,TG was significantly lower than CG(P < 0.05). (4)Wound healing rate of TG on the day of 7,14 and 21 was higher than CG,which was statistically significant difference in the 2 groups(P<0.05);Wound healing time of TG patients[(21.1 ± 6.5)day]was significantly shorter than that of CG patients[(26.2 ± 6.5)day](P<0.05).(5)Overall evaluation of wound healing of TG was better than that of CG on the day 14 and 21(P<0.05). Conclusions Infrared thermal therapy could reduce the secretion of deep partial-thickness burn wound and effectively control pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Furthermore,infrared thermal therapy finally improved wound healing rate and shortenedwound healing time of burn wound.

Clinical analysis of recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor gel in the treatment of burn wounds / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy of recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor gel in the treatment of burn wounds.Methods 80 cases of burn patients in our hospital from February 2016 to February 2017 received treatment, were randomly divided into control group and observation group, 40 cases in each group, the control group given routine treatment, and the observation group was treated with recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor gel on the basis of the treatment of the control group.The clinical effects of the two groups were compared and analyzed, including the healing time, the total effective rate of wound healing, the healing rate of the wound, and the related adverse reactions.Results The patients in, the healing time, total wound healing efficiency,and wound healing rate of the control group were significantly better than those of the control group(P<0.05), and no adverse reactions occurred in the two groups.Conclusion Burns were treated with recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor gel treatment can effectively improve the treatment of patients with total efficiency, shorten the healing time, and can improve the healing rate, the treatment has a very important meaning and value, worthy of promotion and application in clinical widely.

Inhibition of Coriaria Sinica Maxim’ s extract on burn wound infections with common three kinds of resistant bacteria / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the inhibition of Sinica Maxim′s extract( CSME) on resistant infections of burn wounds,such as the methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA ) , resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa (RPA) and resistant escherichia coli(RECO). Meth-ods The resistant strains were cultured by MH agar plates. After resistance genes of quality control strains were extracted and appraised, such as mecA, mexB, merA, qacE△1-sull, tnpU/A and mexB, etc, and then,some projects of CSME were detected,such as the antibacterial spectrum, the minimum inhibitory con-centration(MIC), different concentrations of sensitive rate and inhibition curves, etc. Finally, these results were compared with the inhibitory effects of some anti-biotics to determine the sensitivity rates of CSME. Re-sults The MIC of CSME was 62. 5 ,125 ,250 g · L-1 respectively on the MESA, RPA and RECO. The inhi-bition rates of CSME appeared concentration-dependent on these three kinds of resistant bacteria,and the inhi-bition rates of the multi-concentration CSME on RECO were significantly lower than on MRSA and RPA ( P<0. 05). While in MIC,the resistance rates of MRSA on carbenicillin, cefazolin, erythromycin were significant-ly higher than those of CSME(P<0. 05); The inhibi-tion zones of CSME were significantly smaller than those of ceftriaxone, cefepime, imipenem, but greater than those of other antibiotics( P<0. 05 ); The inhibi-tion zones of CSME on RPA were significantly smaller than those of carbenicillin, and greater than those of other antibiotics ( P <0. 05 ) . The inhibition zones of CSME on RECO were significantly smaller than those of ceftriaxone,cefepime,imipenem,ciprofloxacin,nitro-furazone,and greater than those of other antibiotics ( P<0. 05 ) . Conclusions CSME has a significant inhi-bition on burn wound infection with these three kinds of resistant bacteria,such as MRSA,RPA and RECO. It is prompted that CSME could become one of the effective drugs to control burn wound infections with multi-re-sistant strains.

Efficacy of zincoderm G cream against wound infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Background: Zincoderm G cream is a fixed dose combination of clobetasol, gentamicin and zinc. Studies have been carried out for efficacy of each component such as clobetasol and gentamicin in bacterial infections, but as fixed dose combination including zinc has not been reported yet. Hence, a study was planned to assess the efficacy of Zincoderm G cream in experimental wound infection by Pseudomonas aerugionosa. Methods: In the experiment a total of 18 Sprague-Dawley rats (male, pathogen free, 6-8 weeks old) were used. The rats were divided into three groups of six rats each. 25-30 mg of test drugs (Zincoderm G cream with or without zinc) was applied on Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected burn wound affected area of back of rats for 2 weeks. Bacterial infection was assessed by quantification of bacteria. Results: There was 80% mortality observed in P. aeruginosa infected toxic control (cream base) group. Whereas, only 40% mortality was seen in both Zincoderm G cream with/without zinc groups, which were inoculated with P. aeruginosa. Bacterial concentration (Number of colony forming unit/ml wound fluid) was significantly decreased (p<0.001) in P. aeruginosa infected rats treated with Zincoderm G cream with zinc when compared with P. aeruginosa infected control (untreated) rats. Conclusions: We found that Zincoderm G cream with zinc exhibited distinct killing profiles against P. aeruginosa.

Effectiveness of Woven Silk Dressing Materials on Full-skin Thickness Burn Wounds in Rat Model / 대한악안면성형재건외과학회지

PURPOSE: This study evaluated woven silk textile for burn wound dressing materials in an animal model. METHODS: Ten rats were used in this experiment. Full-thickness 2x2 cm burn wounds were created on the back of the rats under anesthesia. In the experimental group, the wounds were treated with three different dressing materials from woven silk textile. In the control group, natural healing without any dressing material was set as control. The wound surface area was measured at five days, seven days, and 14 days. Wound healing was evaluated by histologic analysis. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences among groups at five days post injury. The mean defect size at seven days was largest in Group 3 (462.87 mm2), and smallest in Group 1 (410.89 mm2), not a significant difference (P =0.341). The mean defect size at 14 days was smallest at the Group 3 (308.28 mm2) and largest in the control group (388.18 mm2), not a significant difference (P =0.190). The denuded area was smaller in Group 1 (84.57 mm2) and Group 2 (82.50 mm2) compared with the control group (195.93 mm2), not statistically significant differences (P =0.066, 0.062). The difference between Group 3 and control was also not statistically significant (P =0.136). In histologic analysis, the experimental groups re-epithelialized more than control groups. No evidence was found of severe inflammation. CONCLUSION: The healing of burn wounds was faster with silk weave textile more than the control group. There was no atypical inflammation with silk dressing materials. In conclusion, silk dressing materials could be used to treat burn wounds.